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                <p>提示：<br>1.本课程基于kubernetes V1.25版本。<br>2.从V1.24开始，kubernetes默认容器运行时使用containerd，不再使用docker。</p>
<p> 为什么使用K3s </p>
<p>K3s 是一个轻量级的、完全兼容的 Kubernetes 发行版本。非常适合初学者。</p>
<p>K3s将所有 Kubernetes 控制平面组件都封装在单个二进制文件和进程中，文件大小&lt;100M,占用资源更小，且包含了kubernetes运行所需要的部分外部依赖和本地存储提供程序。</p>
<p>K3s提供了离线安装包，安装起来非常方便，可以避免安装过程中遇到各种网络资源访问问题。</p>
<p>K3s特别适用于边缘计算、物联网、嵌入式和ARM移动端场景。</p>
<p>提示：<br>K3s完全兼容kubernetes，二者的操作是一样的，使用k3s完全满足我们学习kubernetes的要求，课程的最后，我们再使用kubeadm安装一个完整的集群。</p>
<p> 离线安装K3s集群 </p>
<p>K3s集群分为k3s Server(控制平面)和k3s Agent(工作节点)。所有的组件都打包在单个二进制文件中。</p>
<p><img src="/images/%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E4%B8%80%E5%A5%97k3s%E9%9B%86%E7%BE%A4/body.jpg" alt="k3s架构流程图"></p>
<p> 运行环境 </p>
<p>●最低运行要求</p>
<p>○内存: 512MB   &#x2F;   CPU: 1 核心</p>
<p>●K3s版本：v1.25.0+k3s1</p>
<p>●集群规划</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>IP地址</th>
<th>配置</th>
<th>系统</th>
<th>网络</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>k8s - master</td>
<td>192.168.56.109</td>
<td>内存：2G CPU：2核 硬盘：20G</td>
<td>CentOS 7.9.2009 最小化安装</td>
<td>互  联  网:NAT网络 内部网络: Host-only</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>k8s-worker1</td>
<td>192.168.56.111</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>k8s-worker2</td>
<td>192.168.56.112</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="1-准备工作"><a href="#1-准备工作" class="headerlink" title="1.准备工作"></a>1.准备工作</h2><p>需要在每台机器上执行如下命令：</p>
<p>○关闭防火墙</p>
<p>○设置selinux(需要联网)</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">systemctl disable firewalld <span class="token parameter variable">--now</span>

yum <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-y</span> container-selinux selinux-policy-base

yum <span class="token function">install</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-y</span> https://rpm.rancher.io/k3s/latest/common/centos/7/noarch/k3s-selinux-0.2-1.el7_8.noarch.rpm<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h2 id="2-下载安装包"><a href="#2-下载安装包" class="headerlink" title="2.下载安装包"></a>2.下载安装包</h2><p>下载安装脚本install.sh：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://get.k3s.io/">https://get.k3s.io/</a></p>
<p>下载k3s二进制文件：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/k3s-io/k3s/releases/download/v1.25.0%2Bk3s1/k3s">k3s</a></p>
<p>下载必要的image：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/k3s-io/k3s/releases/download/v1.25.0%2Bk3s1/k3s-airgap-images-amd64.tar.gz">离线安装需要的image文件</a></p>
<p>这些文件都可以在github仓库中获取：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/k3s-io/k3s">https://github.com/k3s-io/k3s</a></p>
<h2 id="3-执行安装脚本"><a href="#3-执行安装脚本" class="headerlink" title="3.执行安装脚本"></a>3.执行安装脚本</h2><p>1.将k3s二进制文件移动到&#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;bin目录，并添加执行权限</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">cp</span> k3s /usr/local/bin
<span class="token function">chmod</span> +x /usr/local/bin/k3s<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>2.将镜像移动到&#x2F;var&#x2F;lib&#x2F;rancher&#x2F;k3s&#x2F;agent&#x2F;images&#x2F;目录（无需解压）</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">mkdir</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/images/

<span class="token function">cp</span> ./k3s-airgap-images-amd64.tar.gz /var/lib/rancher/k3s/agent/images/<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>●在k8s-master节点执行：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token punctuation">\</span>#修改权限

<span class="token function">chmod</span> +x install.sh

<span class="token punctuation">\</span>#离线安装

<span class="token assign-left variable">INSTALL_K3S_SKIP_DOWNLOAD</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true ./install.sh

<span class="token punctuation">\</span>#安装完成后，查看节点状态

kubectl get <span class="token function">node</span>

<span class="token punctuation">\</span>#查看token

<span class="token function">cat</span> /var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/node-token

<span class="token punctuation">\</span>#K10c4b79481685b50e4bca2513078f4e83b62d1d0b5f133a8a668b65c8f9249c53e::server:bf7b63be7f3471838cbafa12c1a1964d<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>



<p>●在k8s-worker1和k8s-worker2节点执行:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token assign-left variable">INSTALL_K3S_SKIP_DOWNLOAD</span><span class="token operator">=</span>true <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">K3S_URL</span><span class="token operator">=</span>https://192.168.56.109:6443 <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">K3S_TOKEN</span><span class="token operator">=</span>K1012bdc3ffe7a5d89ecb125e56c38f9fe84a9f9aed6db605f7698fa744f2f2f12f::server:fdf33f4921dd607cadf2ae3c8eaf6ad9 <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<h2 id="4-更改为国内源"><a href="#4-更改为国内源" class="headerlink" title="4.更改为国内源"></a>4.更改为国内源</h2><pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">cat</span> <span class="token operator">></span> /etc/rancher/k3s/registries.yaml <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">EOF
mirrors:
  docker.io:
    endpoint:
      - "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/"
EOF</span>
<span class="token comment">#master</span>
systemctl restart k3s
<span class="token comment">#node</span>
systemctl restart k3s-agent<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

<p>强制跳转https</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-bash" data-language="bash"><code class="language-bash">要看你是需要全局https跳转，还是具体某个ingress做跳转。
如需全局HTTPS跳转，直接在helm chart （/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/traefik-config.yaml）里面加入 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>参考： Traefik <span class="token number">2</span>: Permanent http to https redirect <span class="token punctuation">(</span>pet2cattle.com<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 或者新版路径文件/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/traefik.yaml

  valuesContent: <span class="token operator">|</span>-
    ports:
      web:
        redirectTo: websecure ←
如果只需为某个ingress进行https跳转，则需先创建一个自动跳转的traefik middleware
参考： Set up Traefik Kubernetes Ingress <span class="token keyword">for</span> HTTP and HTTPS with redirect to HTTPS <span class="token punctuation">(</span>aqibrahman.com<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token number">6</span>

上面方式只是临时的重启k3s后会恢复原文件，可以创建配置文件让k3s启动读取配置,永久生效，注意是全局跳转，traefik.yaml文件名跟每个版本环境命名不太一样要注意路径里的/var/lib/rancher/k3s/server/manifests/traefik-xxxx.yaml
 <span class="token function">cat</span> <span class="token operator">></span> /etc/rancher/k3s/traefik.yaml <span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="token string">EOF
   valuesContent: |-
    ports:
      web:
        redirectTo: websecure
EOF</span>

---
apiVersion: traefik.containo.us/v1alpha1
kind: Middleware
metadata:
  name: redirect
  namespace: example

spec:
  redirectScheme:
    scheme: https
    permanent: <span class="token boolean">true</span>
然后在ingress yaml的annotation中进行引用

metadata:
  <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
  annotations:
    traefik.ingress.kubernetes.io/router.middlewares: example-redirect@kubernetescrd<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>





<p> 排查错误 :</p>
<p>如果安装或启动不成功，可能有以下几个原因：</p>
<p>1时间不统一</p>
<p>2IP有冲突，请为每个主机分配不同的IP</p>
<p>3主机名(hostname)重复，请为每个主机设置不同的主机名</p>
<p>4网卡的MAC有冲突，复制虚拟机时，请为所有网卡重新生产MAC地址</p>
<p>参考文档：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://k3s.io/">https://k3s.io/</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/">https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/quick-start/">https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/quick-start/</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/installation/airgap/">https://rancher.com/docs/k3s/latest/en/installation/airgap/</a></p>

                
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